ABSTRACT
Title
Paired Oxidative Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: the Evidence from d-ROMs test and BAP test.
Authors
V. Pizza*, E. L. Iorio°, A.Capasso**
*Neurophysiopatology Service, S. Luca Hospital, Vallo della Lucania, Salerno (Italy). °International Observatory of Oxidative Stress,Salerno and **Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno (Italy).
*Neurophysiopatology Service, S. Luca Hospital, Vallo della Lucania, Salerno (Italy). °International Observatory of Oxidative Stress,Salerno and **Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno (Italy).
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common adult-onset sporadic neurodegenerative disorder highly impacting the duration and the quality of life. Available evidence shows that both the onset and progression of disease are related to oxidative stress, that is often described as the unbalance between the production and the elimination, by antioxidant defences, of chemical oxidant species, like reactive oxygen species (Iorio et Al, 2009). In fact oxidative stress may affect dopaminergic neurons by multiple mechanisms among which it seems to play a relevant role dopamine auto-oxidation and mytochondria disfunction. However only a few data are available on oxidative stress measurement in a clinical setting.
To evaluate the oxidative balance in a sample of patients with PD by means of routine specific serum tests, such as d-ROMs test and BAP test.
25 outpatients, (10 F, 15 M) mean age 73 years (SD 10.6), range 44-88 years, suffering from PD (Hoehn & Yahr scale: 1-3) were enrolled. The mean duration of disease was 4.1 (SD 2.6) years, range 1-9 years. Two patients were affected also by dementia while 8 patients were suffering also from concomitant vascular disease. Serum total oxidant capacity was determined by performing the d-ROMs test (Alberti et Al, 2000), which chemical principle is based on the ability of a biological sample to oxidize N,N-diethylparaphenylenediamine (normal range 250-300 CARR U, where 1 CARR U is equivalent to 0.8 mg/L H2O2) (Trotti et Al, 2002), while serum total antioxidant capacity was assessed by means of BAP test, which measures the ability of a serum sample to reduce iron from the ferric to the ferrous ionic form (optimal value >2200 micromol/L reduced iron) (Dohi et al, 2005).
Mean values of d-ROMs tests were 356.2 CARR U (SD 86.4) while mean values of BAP test were 1712.2 micromol/L reduced iron (SD 431.1).
According to herein reported data, enrolled patients were found to be in a classical condition of oxidative stress (Iorio et Al, 2009). In fact compared to the normal range, oxidant capacity, as measured by means of d-ROMs test, was increased (>300 CARR U) and biological antioxidant potential (as measured by means of BAP test) was decreased (<2200 micromol/L reduced iron). These findings are substantially in agreement with those of a previous study (Forte et Al, 2004), although we found much more high values of d-ROMs test, may be due to differences in the clinical features of enrolled patients (high rate of concomitant vascular disease in our sample). Although preliminary our study confirm that PD is associated to oxidative stress and suggests that d-ROMs test and BAP test can be useful to identify an oxidative unbalance in clinical routine of patients suffering from this neurodegenerative disorder. Further studies are in progress to confirm these data, also in order to evaluate the potential of d-ROMs test and BAP test to support and monitor an eventual antioxidant strategy.
Iorio EL, Balestrieri ML. Lo stress ossidativo. Trattato Italiano di Medicina di Laboratorio, di Angelo Burlina, Ed. Balestrieri C, Piccin, Padova. 2009. 533–549.
Alberti A, Bolognini L, Macciantelli D, Carratelli M. Res Chem Intermed. 2000. 26 (3): 253–267.
Trotti R, Carratelli M, Barbieri M. Panminerva Med. 2002. 44 (1): 37–40.
Dohi K, Satoh K, Ohtaki H, Shioda S, Miyake Y, Shindo M, Aruga T. . 2005. 19 (5): 855–860.
Forte G, Bocca B, Senofonte O, Petrucci F, Brusa L, Stanzione P, Zannino S, Violante N, Alimenti A, Sancesario G. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2004. 111 (8): 1031–1040.
To evaluate the oxidative balance in a sample of patients with PD by means of routine specific serum tests, such as d-ROMs test and BAP test.
25 outpatients, (10 F, 15 M) mean age 73 years (SD 10.6), range 44-88 years, suffering from PD (Hoehn & Yahr scale: 1-3) were enrolled. The mean duration of disease was 4.1 (SD 2.6) years, range 1-9 years. Two patients were affected also by dementia while 8 patients were suffering also from concomitant vascular disease. Serum total oxidant capacity was determined by performing the d-ROMs test (Alberti et Al, 2000), which chemical principle is based on the ability of a biological sample to oxidize N,N-diethylparaphenylenediamine (normal range 250-300 CARR U, where 1 CARR U is equivalent to 0.8 mg/L H2O2) (Trotti et Al, 2002), while serum total antioxidant capacity was assessed by means of BAP test, which measures the ability of a serum sample to reduce iron from the ferric to the ferrous ionic form (optimal value >2200 micromol/L reduced iron) (Dohi et al, 2005).
Mean values of d-ROMs tests were 356.2 CARR U (SD 86.4) while mean values of BAP test were 1712.2 micromol/L reduced iron (SD 431.1).
According to herein reported data, enrolled patients were found to be in a classical condition of oxidative stress (Iorio et Al, 2009). In fact compared to the normal range, oxidant capacity, as measured by means of d-ROMs test, was increased (>300 CARR U) and biological antioxidant potential (as measured by means of BAP test) was decreased (<2200 micromol/L reduced iron). These findings are substantially in agreement with those of a previous study (Forte et Al, 2004), although we found much more high values of d-ROMs test, may be due to differences in the clinical features of enrolled patients (high rate of concomitant vascular disease in our sample). Although preliminary our study confirm that PD is associated to oxidative stress and suggests that d-ROMs test and BAP test can be useful to identify an oxidative unbalance in clinical routine of patients suffering from this neurodegenerative disorder. Further studies are in progress to confirm these data, also in order to evaluate the potential of d-ROMs test and BAP test to support and monitor an eventual antioxidant strategy.
Iorio EL, Balestrieri ML. Lo stress ossidativo. Trattato Italiano di Medicina di Laboratorio, di Angelo Burlina, Ed. Balestrieri C, Piccin, Padova. 2009. 533–549.
Alberti A, Bolognini L, Macciantelli D, Carratelli M. Res Chem Intermed. 2000. 26 (3): 253–267.
Trotti R, Carratelli M, Barbieri M. Panminerva Med. 2002. 44 (1): 37–40.
Dohi K, Satoh K, Ohtaki H, Shioda S, Miyake Y, Shindo M, Aruga T. . 2005. 19 (5): 855–860.
Forte G, Bocca B, Senofonte O, Petrucci F, Brusa L, Stanzione P, Zannino S, Violante N, Alimenti A, Sancesario G. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2004. 111 (8): 1031–1040.